اصطلاحات و عبارات مفید زبان انگلیسی برای تقویت مهارتهای Writing ، Speaking در آیلتس و تافل و درک مطلب بهتر در بخش Reading آزمون IELTS و TOEFL
What are transitions and how are they used?
transitions are phrases or words used to connect one idea to the next
transitions are used by the author to help the reader progress from one significant idea to the next
transitions also show the relationship within a paragraph (or within a sentence) between the main idea and the support the author gives for those ideas
different transitions do different things....
Transition Words and Phrases
This structured list of commonly used English transition words — approximately 200, can be considered as quasi complete. It can be used ( by students and teachers alike ) to find the right expression. English transition words are essential, since they not only connect ideas, but also can introduce a certain shift, contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or conclusion, etc. in the line of argument. The transition words and phrases have been assigned only once to somewhat artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category.
There is some overlapping with preposition and postposition, but for the purpose of clarity and completeness of this concise guide, I did not differentiate.
Agreement / Addition / Similarity
The transition words like also, in addition, and, likewise, add information, reinforce ideas, and express agreement with preceding material.
in the first place
not only ... but also
as a matter of fact
in like manner
in addition
coupled with
in the same fashion / way
first, second, third
in the light of
not to mention
to say nothing of
equally important
by the same token
again
to
and
also
then
equally
identically
uniquely
like
as
too
moreover
as well as
together ...
ادامه مطلب
آموزش رایگان گرامر زبان انگلیسی در سایت دکتر آرین کریمی
زمان حال استمراری در زبان انگلیسی (Present continuous)
براي بيان عملی که هماکنون جريان دارد:
She is watching the TV.He is working at the moment.
برای بيان عملی يا موقعيتی که در حال حاضر در حال وقوع ميباشد، اما الزاماً در همين زمان صحبت کردن در حال رخ دادن نيست:
I'm reading an exciting book.He is learning Arabic.
توجه
شخص گوينده ممکن است در همين لحظه مشغول مطالعه کتاب باشد و يا اينکه ممکن است منظورش اين باشد که مدتی است مشغول مطالعه کتاب است ولی هنوز تمام نشده است.
برای بيان قراری تعيين شده در آينده:
I am meeting him at the park.
برای بيان كار يا شرايطی موقتی:
I'm living in a small flat now, but I'm trying to find a better one.
در حال حاضر در يک آپارتمان کوچک زندگی میکنم، اما دارم سعی میکنم يک بهترش را پيدا کنم.
ساختار
coming
doing
going
taking
'm
am
I
're
are
You
We
they
's
is
he
she
it
نكاتی در مورد هجی (افعال ing دار):
1- افعالی که به يک e ختم میشوند، آن e حذف میشود:
come, coming take, taking write, writing
ولی در مورد افعالی که به ee ختم میشوند، اين قاعده صدق نمیکند:
agree, agreeing see, seeing
2- در افعال يک بخشی (يک هجايی) که دارای يک حرف صدادار و يک حرف بیصدا میباشند، حرف بیصدای آخر تکرار میشود:
running, stopping, getting
ولی چنانچه حرف بیصدای آخر y يا w باشد، تکرار نمیشود:
showing, enjoying
...
ادامه مطلب
آموزش رایگان گرامر زبان انگلیسی و نکات گرامری آیلتس در سایت دکتر آرین کریمی
روش بکاربردن not only and but also در رایتینگ آیلتس
IELTS GRAMMAR : Parallelism With Not Only But Also
When using not only . . . but also in a sentence, parallelism should be the goal.
It means that the words following both parts of this correlative conjunction (i.e., not only and but also) should belong to the same parts of speech. For example, if a verb follows not only, then a verb should also follow but also. Using different parts of speech after each part of not only . . . but also makes the sentence imbalanced and, frankly, just awkward. Consider the following examples :
He’s not only intelligent but also has a great sense of humor.
He’s not only intelligent but also funny.
Both sentences mean the same thing, but the first is imbalanced. The adjective intelligent follows not only, whereas the dependent phrase has a great sense of humor follows but also. In the second sentence, however, the adjectives intelligent and funny follow not only and but also, ensuring that the sentence is parallel.
Comma with Not Only . . . But Also
Should you use a comma with not only . . . but also? Not usually. Generally speaking, a comma should not be used to separate pairs of conjunctions in a correlative conjunction. As you may know, however, there are often exceptions to grammatical rules, especially when dealing with commas.
It’s correct to write the sentence this way, with no comma:
When writing, Ann considers not only her topic but also her audience.
But if you really want to show special emphasis, you can add a comma:
When writing, Ann ...
ادامه مطلب
انواع زمانها در زبان انگلیسی (English Tenses and their usage )
Affirmative
She drinks.
Negative
She does not drink.
Interrogative
Does she drink?
Form
I, you we they play | he, she, it plays
Uses
action in the present taking place once, never or several times
facts
actions taking place one after another
action set by a timetable or schedule
Present Progressive
Affirmative
He is reading.
Negative
He is not reading.
Interrogative
Is he reading?
Form
To be (in the simple present) + verb + ing
Uses
action taking place at the moment of speaking
action arranged for the future
Simple Past
Affirmative
I cried.
Negative
I did not cry
Interrogative
Did I cry?
Form
Regular verbs: Verb + ed | Irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs
Uses
action in the past taking place once, never or several times
actions taking place one after another
Past Progressive
Affirmative
He was driving.
Negative
He was not driving.
Interrogative
Was he driving?
Form
to be (in the simple past) + verb + ing
Uses
action going on at a certain time in the past
actions taking place at the same time
action in the past that is interrupted by another action
Present Perfect Simple
Affirmative
They have ...
ادامه مطلب